Questions and answers
What organisations ask before licensing Tersane.
The questions organisations ask most often before licensing Bahriya Tersane, answered plainly. Where the documentation or the licensing page says more, the answer links to it.
01
About Tersane
What is Bahriya Tersane?
Bahriya Tersane is a catalogue of production Helm charts and operators for the services that applications depend on, such as databases, caches and identity, and for the workload shapes your own applications are deployed with. It is licensed to your organisation, per year, for installation on your own premises.
Tersane is developed and supported by Mamluk, and its charts are the charts that run the managed services on bahriya.cloud, Mamluk's own public cloud.
What is a Helm chart, and why does it matter to an organisation that is not an engineering company?
Kubernetes is the system on which modern applications and their supporting services run. A Helm chart is a package that installs one such service, for example a MySQL database, together with every setting it needs, and upgrades it later in a controlled way.
Because a chart is delivered as readable files, your engineers and your security team can review exactly what will be installed before it is installed. Every setting your organisation changes is kept in one file under your own version control, so the installation can be audited and repeated.
Is Tersane open-source software?
Tersane is a commercial licence. The software the charts run, such as MySQL, Valkey, Keycloak, Memcached and ClamAV, is open-source software that keeps its upstream name and remains under its publisher's own licence. Mamluk builds a small number of images itself, such as those for MySQL and Valkey, and copies the others unchanged from their publishers.
What the Tersane licence provides is the charts, the images served from Mamluk's registry, their updates and security patches, and support, together with the deployment topologies and high-availability modes the charts offer. These include the mysql chart's standard mode, a primary with optional asynchronous read replicas, and its high-availability mode, a Group Replication cluster of three or more members with automatic failover; the valkey chart's standalone, Sentinel and cluster modes, the second with automatic failover and the third sharded across several primaries; and the keycloak chart's replicas, which form one cluster on separate nodes.
02
Tersane with and without BKE
Do we need the Bahriya Kubernetes Engine (BKE) to use Tersane?
No. Tersane is licensed either with BKE or on its own, for any conformant Kubernetes distribution. With BKE, Tersane has a published price; on any other distribution it is licensed at a higher price, on request. See Licensing.
What are the caveats of buying Tersane without BKE?
There are three.
- The charts ship with BKE's defaults, so on another distribution your team must supply the components the charts expect, or change the charts' settings to use what your cluster provides instead.
- This calls for engineers with Kubernetes experience, or for Mamluk's consulting or support services.
- The licence costs more than it does with BKE.
Running Tersane without BKE lists every expectation and what to do about each one.
What must our team provide on a distribution other than BKE?
The charts ship with BKE's defaults. On another distribution, your team either installs the same component or changes the chart's setting in the values file it keeps.
- Network policy. The mysql and
valkey charts apply their network policy, by
default, as a Calico resource, which needs Calico with its API server. The
memcached chart's policy is of the same kind and is
off by default. Setting
networkPolicy.enabledtofalseturns a chart's policy off, so that your team can apply its own; the charts do not offer a standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy in its place. The keycloak chart's policy is a standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy and needs no Calico. - Storage. The mysql and
valkey charts default to a storage class named
longhorn, and any storage class can be set in their values:storage.data.storageClassandstorage.binlog.storageClassin mysql, andstorage.storageClassin valkey. The clamav chart uses your cluster's default storage class unless one is named. Only the mysql chart's volume encryption option, and its volume snapshots, both off by default, require Longhorn itself. One exception is not yet a setting: the persistent volumes that the khadim and safeena charts can attach to an application, none by default, always request the classlonghorn. To use them on another distribution, provide a storage class with that name. - Ingress. Where a chart publishes a service through an ingress,
its default IngressClass is
kong, and the class is a setting in its values. Some features are provided by Kong itself; the next answer lists them. - Certificates. cert-manager is needed only where a chart
requests a certificate: for each entry in the safeena
chart's
certificateslist, which is empty by default, and for the mysql chart's web client, which is off by default. The certificates that mysql and valkey use for their own encrypted connections are generated by the charts.
Does any feature stop working without BKE?
Some features depend on a specific component rather than on BKE itself. The mysql chart's volume encryption and volume snapshots use Longhorn; without Longhorn, leave them off and use your storage platform's own encryption and snapshots.
Under another ingress controller, the safeena
chart publishes your application through the IngressClass you set, but its
redirection to HTTPS is not applied, and its basic authentication, rate limiting, IP
restriction, response caching and redirection from www are Kong
resources, which a cluster without Kong does not accept. The same applies to the IP
allowlist of the mysql chart's web client, and to
external access to mysql and
valkey, which uses Kong's TCP routing. Install Kong
to use any of these; all are off by default except the redirection to HTTPS. Each
chart's documentation states any further prerequisite it has.
Why does Tersane cost more without BKE?
On BKE, every component the charts expect is part of a distribution Mamluk builds and tests together with the charts. On another distribution, the cluster beneath the charts differs from one customer to the next, and supporting the charts there requires more of Mamluk's engineers' time. The higher price reflects that support.
We already run BKE. What else do we need?
On a BKE cluster the charts' defaults for network policy, storage and ingress match the cluster, so none of the changes needed on another distribution applies. Calico is always present; enable the BKE components that the charts you use depend on, such as Longhorn, Kong and cert-manager, as listed on Tersane with BKE. As on any cluster, each release's values name your image pull secret, as Access and credentials describes, and a feature that requests a certificate names a cert-manager ClusterIssuer in your cluster. BKE is licensed separately, per cluster.
Can we start on another distribution and move to BKE later?
Yes. The charts are the same on every distribution, so the values files you keep carry over. A release that holds data cannot change its storage class after installation, so moving a database to a BKE cluster means installing a new release there and restoring its data from a backup, as each data chart's documentation describes.
When your organisation moves entirely to BKE, the licence moves to the BKE price from the next renewal.
03
Where Tersane runs
What does "your own premises" mean?
Infrastructure your organisation controls. That includes your own data centres and your organisation's own accounts with a cloud provider, including an in-country cloud. Tersane runs inside your clusters and is operated by your organisation; Mamluk does not host it for you.
Does Tersane run on Amazon EKS, Azure AKS and Google GKE?
Yes. EKS, AKS and GKE are certified as conformant by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and Tersane is licensed for any conformant Kubernetes distribution, including in your organisation's own cloud accounts, at the price for distributions other than BKE. Mamluk supports the charts there; the Kubernetes service itself remains supported by its provider.
The charts install there with the same changes as on any other distribution: name one of your provider's storage classes, name your ingress class or install Kong where you use its features, install cert-manager where a chart requests certificates, and either install Calico with its API server or turn the mysql and valkey charts' network policies off and apply your own. Whether a provider's built-in network policy serves Calico's resources varies by provider and configuration, so check it before installing. Your cluster's nodes must be able to reach Mamluk's image registry, or a registry of your own to which you have copied the images.
Does Tersane run on Red Hat OpenShift?
Not yet. Support for OpenShift is planned and is on Tersane's roadmap, but it is not available today.
The mysql and valkey charts apply their network policy, by default, through Calico's API, which OpenShift's default network does not serve. The policy can be turned off, but the charts do not yet offer a standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy in its place. Several charts also run containers under fixed user identities, some of them set in the charts' templates rather than in their values, which OpenShift's default security context constraint refuses. Support for OpenShift will be announced on this site when the charts provide for both.
Does Tersane run on SUSE Rancher or VMware Tanzu?
Rancher and Tanzu are certified as conformant Kubernetes distributions by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and Tersane is licensed for any conformant distribution. The same changes apply as on any cluster other than BKE: Calico with its API server, or the charts' network policies turned off; a storage class your cluster provides, named in the charts' values; your ingress class, or Kong where you use its features; and cert-manager where a chart requests certificates. Running Tersane without BKE sets out each one.
Can Tersane run in our own data centre?
Yes. The charts run inside your perimeter. In your own data centre, Tersane runs on the Bahriya Kubernetes Engine, which installs on physical or virtual servers, or on any other conformant Kubernetes distribution you operate there.
Can Tersane run in an in-country cloud?
Yes, wherever your organisation operates a conformant Kubernetes cluster in its own account: on the provider's own Kubernetes service, if it is certified as conformant, or on BKE or another distribution installed on the provider's virtual machines. If the cluster is BKE, the BKE price applies; otherwise, the price for other distributions applies.
Can Tersane run on a network with no internet access?
Yes. Your organisation may copy the images into a registry of its own, for its own licensed use, and run Tersane on a network with no route to the internet. From a connected machine, using your organisation's credentials, your team downloads the charts and copies the images they use into a registry inside your network, then sets each chart's images to that registry in the values file you keep.
Once installed, the charts' services need no connection outside your network,
with one exception: in the clamav chart, ClamAV's
signature updater downloads new virus signatures from ClamAV's publisher. On a
network with no route to the internet, turn the updater off by setting
CLAMAV_NO_FRESHCLAMD in the chart's extraEnv; the chart has
no setting for a signature mirror of your own, so the signatures are then not
updated. Note that the Bahriya Kubernetes Engine itself cannot yet be installed without
internet access: it needs outbound access to a short list of hosts during
installation and upgrade.
What network access does Tersane need?
Two outbound connections over HTTPS, both for downloads. The machine that
installs and upgrades releases needs to reach Mamluk's chart repository,
tersane.maml.uk. Every node of your cluster needs to reach Mamluk's
image registry, 1x.ax, to pull the images the charts run, unless you
copy the images into a registry of your own.
Nothing in your cluster connects to Mamluk for any other purpose. Access and credentials describes both. Separately from Mamluk, the clamav chart's signature updater downloads virus signatures from ClamAV's publisher, and a chart reaches any backup storage or other service your team names in its values.
Which Kubernetes versions does Tersane need?
Each chart's documentation states the oldest Kubernetes version it supports, under its prerequisites, with the exception of the clamav chart, whose documentation does not yet state one. The keycloak chart also refuses to install on an older version. On BKE, the charts are built on the Kubernetes version and components that BKE pins in each release.
04
Security and data
Does any of our data leave our network?
No. The charts install inside your perimeter, and no data leaves it. The charts contain nothing that reports to Mamluk: your organisation's credentials are checked only when charts and images are downloaded, at Mamluk's repository and registry, and never inside your cluster.
Backups, where a chart takes them, go to the storage your organisation names.
Does Mamluk have access to our clusters?
No. Your team installs and upgrades Tersane with Helm, under your own credentials, and nothing in Tersane gives Mamluk access to your clusters. Where your team asks for help, Mamluk works through your own engineers, in a shared session if your policies require it.
Where do the container images come from, and how do we know they have not been altered?
Every image the charts supply is pulled from Mamluk's registry,
1x.ax, pinned to an exact version, so a chart never pulls from a public
registry. Upstream images are copied there unchanged, with their original digests,
and each image is signed with Mamluk's image signing key.
The public key is published at
https://bke.maml.uk/signing/bke-images-2026.pub, so your team can
verify any image with cosign before it runs. A published chart version is never
changed or withdrawn. The one exception is your own application image, which the
workload charts pull from wherever you keep it.
Can our security team review the charts before we install them?
Yes. A chart is delivered as readable templates and settings, which your team can
download and inspect before installing anything. Each chart's documentation sets out
its defaults, its network policy where it has one, and its Pod Security level. The
keycloak, memcached,
mysql and valkey
charts meet the Kubernetes restricted Pod Security Standard by default.
The khadim, saat and
safeena charts run your own application image and
meet baseline by default, and restricted with the values
their documentation gives, where the image allows it. The
clamav chart, and the mysql
chart's optional web client, meet baseline, and the documentation gives
the reason for each.
Each new chart version has release notes, in the Mamluk console, stating what it changes.
Does using Tersane make us compliant with our regulator's requirements?
Tersane makes no claim of compliance with any regulation. It helps by running inside your own perimeter, so no data leaves it, and by documenting every default it applies.
The Compliance and Assurance Convoy, which is experimental, tunes a cluster to the technical controls regulators require and records the evidence for them, beginning with NCA ECC. Organisational controls remain your organisation's, and compliance is determined by your assessor.
05
Licensing, price and procurement
How is Tersane licensed?
Per organisation, per year, for installation on infrastructure your organisation controls. The licence does not grow with your clusters, nodes or processor cores. It includes the Tersane catalogue, with the deployment topologies and high-availability modes the charts offer, chart updates, upgrade compatibility, security patches and ticketed support. Convoys are licensed separately.
How much does Tersane cost?
The price with BKE is published on the licensing page; on any other conformant Kubernetes distribution, the price is on request. BKE is licensed separately, per cluster, at the price published on bke.bahriya.cloud.
Convoys are priced separately: the Compliance and Assurance Convoy's price is published on the licensing page, and every other Convoy is priced on request.
Does one licence cover our test, development and disaster recovery clusters?
Yes. The licence is for your organisation and does not change with the number of clusters, so every cluster your organisation runs on its own infrastructure is covered, whatever its purpose.
What counts as one organisation?
One legal entity, together with the subsidiaries it wholly owns, using Tersane for its own operations. A group whose companies are separately owned or regulated, or an organisation that runs services for other organisations, should contact Mamluk to agree the licence that fits.
Is there a free trial?
Tersane does not offer a self-service trial. The documentation is public and describes every chart in full, and an evaluation licence for a fixed period can be arranged on request. The Bahriya Kubernetes Engine offers a 14-day trial licence, issued from the Mamluk console.
What happens if we do not renew the licence?
On the end date, access to the chart repository and to every Tersane image ends, and no further updates, security patches or support are delivered.
The licence then requires you to remove the Tersane charts, and any copies of Tersane images in your own registries, within 30 days of the end date. Your data remains yours throughout: use those 30 days to export it, or to move it to other software, before the charts are removed.
Renewing restores access. Your image tokens are restored unchanged if the licence is renewed within 30 days of its end date; after that, renewal requires new image tokens, created in the Mamluk console.
Who do we contract with, and where are the licence terms?
Tersane is licensed by Mamluk LLC-FZ, Meydan Free Zone, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and priced in US dollars. The licence terms are provided with the quotation, so that your legal and procurement teams can review them before the licence is agreed. To start the process, contact Mamluk.
06
Support and updates
What support is included in the licence?
Every licence includes ticketed support, aligned to GCC working hours, from the engineers who develop the charts, with a response to every ticket within three working days.
Support plans with faster response times, including a four-hour response, are available on request, as are Mamluk's Kubernetes support contracts, which cover the cluster as well as the charts.
How are updates delivered, and who decides when they are applied?
New chart versions are published to the Tersane chart repository, and each has release notes in the Mamluk console stating what it changes and whether any of your settings must change with it. Your team applies an update with Helm when it chooses, so nothing changes in your clusters without your decision.
A published version is never changed or withdrawn, so a release pinned to a version can always be reinstalled, and a release can be rolled back to its previous version. See Upgrading a chart.
How long is each chart version supported?
Security patches are delivered as new chart versions, and support covers the current version of each chart and the version before it. Release notes state whether an upgrade requires any change to your settings, so moving to the current version is planned rather than forced.
What skills does our team need?
A team that knows Kubernetes and Helm has what it needs to install and upgrade Tersane on BKE, and the documentation covers everything specific to each chart. On another distribution, the team also needs experience with the components the charts expect, such as storage, ingress and certificates.
A team that is new to Kubernetes can engage Mamluk for training, consulting or support.
Can Mamluk install and operate Tersane for us?
Yes. Mamluk's Kubernetes consulting covers installation and configuration, its support contracts cover the cluster as well as the charts, and its managed Kubernetes on premise service operates the platform inside your data centre while the data stays within your perimeter. Work on site can be arranged as part of these engagements.
07
Convoys
What is a Convoy, and do we need one?
A Convoy is an optional addition to Tersane for one industry or one requirement, licensed separately. Tersane is complete without one. A Convoy builds on the charts Tersane provides, is installed and upgraded in the same way, and, like Tersane, runs inside your perimeter. See Convoys.
Which Convoys are available?
Three are described today.
- The Banking Convoy, which is experimental, is an app marketplace for existing digital banking platforms.
- The Compliance and Assurance Convoy, which is experimental, tunes a cluster to the technical controls regulators require and records the evidence. NCA ECC is available; regimes for Qatar, the Saudi Central Bank and the United Arab Emirates are expected in 2027.
- The Identity Verification Convoy, which is also coming soon, will run identity verification entirely inside your own cluster.
Can we use a Convoy without BKE?
Yes. A Convoy runs on Tersane, and Tersane runs on BKE or on your own distribution; each Convoy requires a Tersane licence.
The Compliance and Assurance Convoy needs Kubernetes 1.36 or later, which BKE provides from 2.2.0; on another distribution, the cluster must be at that version or later. It reads certain facts about the platform that BKE records from 2.3.0. On an earlier BKE version or another distribution, it reports the checks that depend on those facts as not evaluated, never as failed, and your team evidences those controls by other means.
08
Partners and integrators
Can our systems integrator install and manage Tersane for us?
Yes. Your organisation holds the licence and its credentials, and can issue a separate chart credential and image token to the integrator, named for them, in the Mamluk console. Each credential can be reset or revoked on its own at any time, without affecting the others, so access ends when the engagement does.
Can we buy Tersane through a local partner or reseller?
Yes. Mamluk works with managed service providers, software vendors and consulting firms whose customers run Kubernetes, and a partner can supply and deliver Tersane as part of its own work for you. The licence and support are the same whichever route you buy through.
To ask whether your integrator is a Mamluk partner, or to introduce one, contact Mamluk.
A question not answered here.
The documentation is public and describes every chart in full. To discuss a licence for your organisation, with BKE or on its own, contact Mamluk.